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Frederick Allen, Elliott Joslin, Louis “Harry” Newburgh, and Phil Marsh were pioneers in the treatment of diabetes before the discovery of insulin. This 2006 review of their methods and outcomes found that all four successfully treated diabetic patients with a diet that closely resembles modern high-fat, low-carbohydrate diets.

Discover magazine provides an overview of the meaning and regulation of the "grass-fed beef" label. The article notes that USDA regulation of “grass-fed” labeling is limited, with the third-party American Grassfed Association overseeing a more rigorous inspection process. Cows raised on grass take longer to reach market weight than those fed on grain, passing higher costs onto consumers. Major benefits of grass-fed beef include differences in taste, small changes in nutritional profile, reduced use of antibiotics, and improved soil and ecology health.

This 2007 study found increased pancreatic fat is strongly associated with diabetes, independent of overall BMI or waist circumference. These results support the hypothesis that organ-specific fat accumulation, due to its effect on insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, directly predicts and may play a causal role in the development of metabolic distress.

"The relationship between doctors and patients is undergoing a profound change, which is reflected in medical journals," Richard Smith, former editor of the BMJ writes. Patients are ceasing to be "human guinea pigs" and are becoming participants in their own health care. In this chapter from "The Trouble With Medical Journals," Smith discusses the shift toward informed consent and patient participation in medical research and explains why there's still a long way to go.

Will focusing on running endurance interfere with your strength numbers? Will prioritizing your back squat slow down your mile time? Traditional exercise science has consistently reported differing training stimuli interfere with one another. Tyler Hass examines the research and explains what happens when we ask a different question: How can we maximize the total physical adaptation of the human body?

"Among the most significant risk factors for hospitalization and death in Covid-19 are the presence of diet-related chronic diseases such as hypertension, heart disease and obesity. America's starting point? Nearly three out of four American adults are overweight or obese. And half of US adults have diabetes or pre-diabetes."

A 2011 article takes a historical look at the use of extremely low-calorie diets in diabetic patients prior to the discovery of insulin.

Call it the erg. The literal definition of ergometer is "a device that measures work," and this offers some insight into the intentions of Peter and Dick Dreissigacker, the founders of Concept2, as they developed their first commercial rowing machine.

Dr. Timothy Noakes reanalyzes the findings from the famous Framingham Heart Study and notes the flaws and biases in lead researchers' conclusions. Rather than supporting Ancel Keys' diet-heart hypothesis, the study demonstrated "the absence of any relationship between diet and blood cholesterol concentrations or CHD risk."